BACKGROUND THEORY
At first, the beginning, the theory raised by Fritz Heider was born. Heider research how the creation of personal relationships he describes in the book: The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations, published in 1958. Heider In the book accompanying concept he calls "common-sense" or "naive" psychology. Heider believes that a person's actions berdasarkaan their beliefs. Heider convey the basic idea, that people try to find whether a motivation of an observed behavior is caused by situational characteristics or personal. So the concept of "causal attribution" - As time goes on Heider's theory evolved. This theory was developed by E.E. Jones and K.E.Davis (1965) and expanded and clarified by H.H.Kelley (1979).
PRINCIPLES THEORY
Attribution is one conclusion as to the cause of an event, the cause of other people's behavior, and the behavior it self. Attribution theory is concerned with the procedures in which people explain the behavior and motivations of others.
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Monday, June 23, 2014
Adaptive Structuration Theory By Marshall Scott Poole
BACKGROUND
Marshall Scott Poole is a professor of communication at Texas A & M University who developed the Theory of Adaptive Structuration. This theory is based on the Theory of Structuration (Structuration Theory) Anthony Giddens. This theory is defined as "the production and reproduction of social systems through the use of rules and resources of members in interaction". DeSanctis and Poole adapted Giddens theory to study the interaction of groups and organizations with information technology and called Adaptive Structuration Theory.
The concept of Giddens Structuration inspired the Theory of Adaptive Structuration by Poole, Poole called his theory of adaptive because group members deliberately adjust resources to meet the goals and rules. Poole believes that the value of the theory group of decision makers who make a foothold on the complexity of the interaction.
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Marshall Scott Poole is a professor of communication at Texas A & M University who developed the Theory of Adaptive Structuration. This theory is based on the Theory of Structuration (Structuration Theory) Anthony Giddens. This theory is defined as "the production and reproduction of social systems through the use of rules and resources of members in interaction". DeSanctis and Poole adapted Giddens theory to study the interaction of groups and organizations with information technology and called Adaptive Structuration Theory.
The concept of Giddens Structuration inspired the Theory of Adaptive Structuration by Poole, Poole called his theory of adaptive because group members deliberately adjust resources to meet the goals and rules. Poole believes that the value of the theory group of decision makers who make a foothold on the complexity of the interaction.
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Social Influence Theory By Paul F. Lazarsfeld
BACKGROUND
Paul F. Lazarsfeld was born in Viena, Austria, February 13, 1901., He was a son of Robert Lazarsfeld, a lawyer, and Sofie Munk, F. Lazarsfeld Psikologi.Paul this is a mathematics undergraduate at the University of Viena Lazarsfeld also a Graduate sociology of Comunicólogo sociological Austria is one of the most influential social experts in the era of mass. Because kerorisinalnya and unity of ideas, energy and personal attractiveness, productivity and social research he did, his influence in the field of sociology and social research has been the recognition in America and Europe. He has found a variety of theories, and one of them is the Theory of Social Influence.
The Social Influnce Theory originated from the need arises opinion leaders to convey the message to the audience, then along with the development time and the more modern era, the way the messenger conveyed through advertising. The appearance of the message through an advertisement because in order to be more effective and efficient way of delivering the message.
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Paul F. Lazarsfeld was born in Viena, Austria, February 13, 1901., He was a son of Robert Lazarsfeld, a lawyer, and Sofie Munk, F. Lazarsfeld Psikologi.Paul this is a mathematics undergraduate at the University of Viena Lazarsfeld also a Graduate sociology of Comunicólogo sociological Austria is one of the most influential social experts in the era of mass. Because kerorisinalnya and unity of ideas, energy and personal attractiveness, productivity and social research he did, his influence in the field of sociology and social research has been the recognition in America and Europe. He has found a variety of theories, and one of them is the Theory of Social Influence.
The Social Influnce Theory originated from the need arises opinion leaders to convey the message to the audience, then along with the development time and the more modern era, the way the messenger conveyed through advertising. The appearance of the message through an advertisement because in order to be more effective and efficient way of delivering the message.
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Self Theory By Carl Rogers
BACKGROUND
This in theory instigated by Carl Rogers, Rogers was a famous writer, Carl Rogers was born on January 08, 1902, in the park, Illinois, a Chicago suburb. The emergence of this theory based on his experience as a therapist who had for years and examine the development of a person's personality based on its customers.
ESSENCE
Self theory of bases on the assumption that "human beings are a perfect contrast to other creatures, where humans can accept all the experiences that exist at the time given, whether conscious or unconscious." (Rogers, 1959). Every human being living in the world of personal experience in which he (the I, me, or myself the I, me, or my self) into the center. (Carl Rogers) Humans also evolved to find his true identity. (Hall & Lindzey, 1985; Rogers, 1959).
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This in theory instigated by Carl Rogers, Rogers was a famous writer, Carl Rogers was born on January 08, 1902, in the park, Illinois, a Chicago suburb. The emergence of this theory based on his experience as a therapist who had for years and examine the development of a person's personality based on its customers.
ESSENCE
Self theory of bases on the assumption that "human beings are a perfect contrast to other creatures, where humans can accept all the experiences that exist at the time given, whether conscious or unconscious." (Rogers, 1959). Every human being living in the world of personal experience in which he (the I, me, or myself the I, me, or my self) into the center. (Carl Rogers) Humans also evolved to find his true identity. (Hall & Lindzey, 1985; Rogers, 1959).
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The theory of social constructivism By Lev Vygotsky
BACKGROUND
Lev Vygotsky, is a Russian psychologist and philosopher, Lev Vygotsky died at age 38 in 1934, associated with social constructivism in the context of education. According to Vygotsky and educational psychologists who follow his teachings, lessons should take place in the context of that to be applied. Social Constructivism emphasizes a culture of students and the importance of cultural values in a larger societal context. As a consequence, students are supported to work characterize and understand the real-life challenges to receive awards associations and conclusions they make.
ESSENCE
The last word from the above discussion is "Building (constructivism)", learning theory and its origin, how people learn, and knowledge of natural sciences. We need not give in to the new fashion, but we do not need to think about our work in relation to theories of learning and knowledge. So we simply ask: what was the building, what can we take from these terms, and how do we use it in our work? as far as I know, there is not anything complicated in the building, the core of the idea is clearly illustrated by John dewey, but there is something new, a permit extension of the old ideas and new research in philosophy of psychology to sustain it.
Lev Vygotsky, is a Russian psychologist and philosopher, Lev Vygotsky died at age 38 in 1934, associated with social constructivism in the context of education. According to Vygotsky and educational psychologists who follow his teachings, lessons should take place in the context of that to be applied. Social Constructivism emphasizes a culture of students and the importance of cultural values in a larger societal context. As a consequence, students are supported to work characterize and understand the real-life challenges to receive awards associations and conclusions they make.
ESSENCE
The last word from the above discussion is "Building (constructivism)", learning theory and its origin, how people learn, and knowledge of natural sciences. We need not give in to the new fashion, but we do not need to think about our work in relation to theories of learning and knowledge. So we simply ask: what was the building, what can we take from these terms, and how do we use it in our work? as far as I know, there is not anything complicated in the building, the core of the idea is clearly illustrated by John dewey, but there is something new, a permit extension of the old ideas and new research in philosophy of psychology to sustain it.
Friday, June 13, 2014
Two-Step Flow Communication Theory By Paul Lazarsfeld
BACKGROUND
Paul Lazarsfeld born in Viena Austria, 13 February 1901. Lazarsfeld got Ph. D in mathematics in 1925. In 1929 he founded a research institute in Vienna to apply social psychology. Lazarsfeld came to the United States in 1933 and acted as a director in the Office Radio Research at Princeton University. Then Lazarsfeld died in New York in 1976. He is also a professor at Columbia University.
In his research on the two-step flow Lazarsfeld helped by many colleagues who named Elihu Katz. Katz, who was born May 31, 1926, he also obtain a Ph.D.
ESSENCE THEORY
This theory has the fundamental assumption that the effects of mass media on society not directly but through an intermediary that opinion leaders (opinion leaders).
This theory states that the information coming from ....
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Paul Lazarsfeld born in Viena Austria, 13 February 1901. Lazarsfeld got Ph. D in mathematics in 1925. In 1929 he founded a research institute in Vienna to apply social psychology. Lazarsfeld came to the United States in 1933 and acted as a director in the Office Radio Research at Princeton University. Then Lazarsfeld died in New York in 1976. He is also a professor at Columbia University.
In his research on the two-step flow Lazarsfeld helped by many colleagues who named Elihu Katz. Katz, who was born May 31, 1926, he also obtain a Ph.D.
ESSENCE THEORY
This theory has the fundamental assumption that the effects of mass media on society not directly but through an intermediary that opinion leaders (opinion leaders).
This theory states that the information coming from ....
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Dialectical Theory By Leslie Baxter and Barbara Montgomery
BACKGROUND THEORY
Leslie Baxter and Barbara Montgomery are two important figures in the development of this dialectical theory. Both are important figures in the development of scientific research on communication, which is very interested in science communication in depth on the closeness of the relationship group. Baxter heads a research program at the University of Iowa, while Montgomery was a dean of the school of communication at Kmeanusiaan and Social Sciences at the University Millersvilles.
Before the theory of Baxter's known by some of his colleagues made in newspaper articles, papers and published a book that eventually became the foundation support or against this theory. Baxter's own understanding of the dialectical berasala of Mikhail Bakhtin, a Russian philosopher.
ESSENCE THEORY
The most fundamental assumption of this theory is that all relationships (friendships, romantic relationships and family relationships) tied / linked in contradictions (contradictions) double. Or in other words, that human relationships with each other have the impulse (passion / desire) the opposite. The main concept of this theory is .....
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Leslie Baxter and Barbara Montgomery are two important figures in the development of this dialectical theory. Both are important figures in the development of scientific research on communication, which is very interested in science communication in depth on the closeness of the relationship group. Baxter heads a research program at the University of Iowa, while Montgomery was a dean of the school of communication at Kmeanusiaan and Social Sciences at the University Millersvilles.
Before the theory of Baxter's known by some of his colleagues made in newspaper articles, papers and published a book that eventually became the foundation support or against this theory. Baxter's own understanding of the dialectical berasala of Mikhail Bakhtin, a Russian philosopher.
ESSENCE THEORY
The most fundamental assumption of this theory is that all relationships (friendships, romantic relationships and family relationships) tied / linked in contradictions (contradictions) double. Or in other words, that human relationships with each other have the impulse (passion / desire) the opposite. The main concept of this theory is .....
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Inoculation Theory by William McGuire (1968)
Background Theory
This theory began when there was a phenomenon of the cases brainwashing of American soldiers in the Korean War, these events shake their beliefs about what they believe and implanted in the heart, the questioners were professionals from the Korean side has changed the way these soldiers into what they want, and this has major implications for the Americans who have finally decided to examine this issue. And William McGuire is one that discussed this theory in 1968.
Assumptions and Essence Theory
The assumption of this theory is about how people can maintain a belief in something that was followed by the things that annoy / attack weakens the belief that by way of incoming attacks and instead make it as "antibody" beliefs.
The essence of this theory is .....
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This theory began when there was a phenomenon of the cases brainwashing of American soldiers in the Korean War, these events shake their beliefs about what they believe and implanted in the heart, the questioners were professionals from the Korean side has changed the way these soldiers into what they want, and this has major implications for the Americans who have finally decided to examine this issue. And William McGuire is one that discussed this theory in 1968.
Assumptions and Essence Theory
The assumption of this theory is about how people can maintain a belief in something that was followed by the things that annoy / attack weakens the belief that by way of incoming attacks and instead make it as "antibody" beliefs.
The essence of this theory is .....
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Thursday, June 12, 2014
Labeling Theory by Howard Becker (1963) ( Teori Pelabelan / Pemberian Label )
Background Theory:
Labeling was first recognized about 1930 by a man named Frank Tannenbaum. He noted how people often perceive the offense as a crime (Stebbins, 1996; 28).
Becker's theory evolved during a period of political and social power struggle that has been implicated. Becker utilize the liberal influence of labeling theory Lemert and adjust the theoretical background and the interaction of its symbols.
Essence Theory:
Labeling is the process of labeling someone. The label is a definition of when a person will be given to the identity of the person, and explain how people with her type....
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Labeling was first recognized about 1930 by a man named Frank Tannenbaum. He noted how people often perceive the offense as a crime (Stebbins, 1996; 28).
Becker's theory evolved during a period of political and social power struggle that has been implicated. Becker utilize the liberal influence of labeling theory Lemert and adjust the theoretical background and the interaction of its symbols.
Essence Theory:
Labeling is the process of labeling someone. The label is a definition of when a person will be given to the identity of the person, and explain how people with her type....
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Uses And Gratifications Theory By Elihu Katz (1959) (Teori Penggunaan dan Gratifikasi)
BACKGROUND
Uses and gratifications theory was first stated by Elihu Katz (1959) as a reaction to Bernand Berelson stating that research on the effects of mass media communication is considered to be dead. who began the study of life is an attempt to answer the question "what do people do with the media?" because the use of the media is one way to meet the needs, then the effect of the media is now defined as a situation when need satisfaction is achieved.
ESSENCE THEORY
Uses and gratifications theory is not interested in what the media does to themselves but are interested in what people do to the media.....
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Uses and gratifications theory was first stated by Elihu Katz (1959) as a reaction to Bernand Berelson stating that research on the effects of mass media communication is considered to be dead. who began the study of life is an attempt to answer the question "what do people do with the media?" because the use of the media is one way to meet the needs, then the effect of the media is now defined as a situation when need satisfaction is achieved.
ESSENCE THEORY
Uses and gratifications theory is not interested in what the media does to themselves but are interested in what people do to the media.....
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The Theory of Independent Mindedness By Gorden and Infante ( Teori Kebebasan Berfikir)
BACKGROUND
That makes this theory into organizational communications initiated and developed by Gorden and Infante. The formation of this theory is based on the tendency of Americans people to have their own thoughts and opinions and passive in accepting the opinions and suggestions of others.
ASSUMPTION
Assumption of Independent Mindedness theory generates an impetus for an employee who has a tendency to express misunderstandings in the opinion. ...
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That makes this theory into organizational communications initiated and developed by Gorden and Infante. The formation of this theory is based on the tendency of Americans people to have their own thoughts and opinions and passive in accepting the opinions and suggestions of others.
ASSUMPTION
Assumption of Independent Mindedness theory generates an impetus for an employee who has a tendency to express misunderstandings in the opinion. ...
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Interpersonal Deception Theory By David Buller and Judee Burgoon (Teori Interpersonal Deceptions)
Interpersonal Deception Theory (IDT) can explain the influence of the detector active fraudsters who communicate with a variety of motives, be kind, where the communication behavior reciprocally influence each other to produce a movement sequence and the same goal, and communication is affected by situation where the lie began to be known.
Basically people are always trying to deceive others, therefore every human being must be dealing with the same thing. When we do something for others then we will experience the consequences sama.Ketika thing you face the fact that you just lied to someone, you can feel very hurt.
ASSUMPTION
Assumptions about Interpersonal Deception Theory (IDT) is ....
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Basically people are always trying to deceive others, therefore every human being must be dealing with the same thing. When we do something for others then we will experience the consequences sama.Ketika thing you face the fact that you just lied to someone, you can feel very hurt.
ASSUMPTION
Assumptions about Interpersonal Deception Theory (IDT) is ....
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The Interpersonal Competence Theory By Brian H. Spitzberg & William R. Cupach (Teori Kemampuan Interpersonal)
1. Theoretical background
Interpersonal communication has contributed heavily in the world of communication. The quality of human life is determined by how the human touch, while the growing issues in the world of communication as well as aspects of the communication itself is very complex. How an interpersonal relationship can be arranged based on the particular circumstances in order to produce a desired relationship, needs special attention, so that creates this theory, the Theory of Interpersonal Competence.
2. Assumption Principal & Essence Theory
The key assumptions :
When people communicate with each other they create and show their own identity. The existence of identity is what makes us able to understand anything that can or can not we show in front of others because there are differences between individuals such as cultural background, education, social environment, way of life, age, economic status, etc. .
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Interpersonal communication has contributed heavily in the world of communication. The quality of human life is determined by how the human touch, while the growing issues in the world of communication as well as aspects of the communication itself is very complex. How an interpersonal relationship can be arranged based on the particular circumstances in order to produce a desired relationship, needs special attention, so that creates this theory, the Theory of Interpersonal Competence.
2. Assumption Principal & Essence Theory
The key assumptions :
When people communicate with each other they create and show their own identity. The existence of identity is what makes us able to understand anything that can or can not we show in front of others because there are differences between individuals such as cultural background, education, social environment, way of life, age, economic status, etc. .
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The Cognitive Argument Theory By Dale Hample (Teori Kognitif Argument oleh Dale Hample)
Dale Hample is a professor of communications from Western Illinois University. She earned her Ph.D. in 1975 at the same university where he works now, by making the dissertation entitled "an empirical study of the value argument." Dale hample argument shows that there is a third form, called a cognitive argumentation. He refers to this form as the basis of the previous arguments.
The argument itself is a cognitive mental processes involved in evaluating beliefs. Cognitive argument is internal, private and public manifestations precede each of the arguments. This theory organizes information in three ways: .........
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The argument itself is a cognitive mental processes involved in evaluating beliefs. Cognitive argument is internal, private and public manifestations precede each of the arguments. This theory organizes information in three ways: .........
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